Cadiz is one of the oldest cities in Europe. It's location is quite unique, since it is surrounded almost completely by water (similar to Venice). James Bond used the city to resemble Cuba.
Cordoba has a beautiful old city center with a lot of charm. The main attraction however is La Mesquita, a cathedral that started as a mosque. Cordoba is one of the hottest cities in Europa in Summer.
Granada is a major tourist destination in Andalusia because of the Alhambra. The nearby Sierra Nevada mountains (3000+m altitude) allow for skiing in winter, with a unique view of the Mediterranean.
Jerez is known mainly for two things: 1) the bodegas for the finest Sherries and 2) the Equestrian School for ultimate horse back riding demonstrations. Add to this great weather, some flamenco and lots of orange trees and then you know something about Jerez de la Frontera.
Madrid, capital of Spain and home of the royal family. The city center with great architecture is amazingly small, with nice places to enjoy local food and wines and very walkable.
Málaga is an important tourist destination, known as "the capital of the Costa del Sol". An estimated 6 million tourists visit the city each year, who usually visit the birthplace of Pablo Picasso.
Mallorca (aka Majorca) is a very well visited Spanish vacation island in the Mediterranean. Many Germans, Brits and other Europeans spend their vacation in one of the many resorts on one of the many beaches - or just in a Finca in the main land. Some even spend the whole winter there and enjoy the pleasant climate and atmosphere. Palma de Mallorca has excellent connections by air to many European cities.
Pamplona is best-known for its annual "running with the bulls"... Yes, these are real bulls and it is dangerous! Only the very sporty ones that have something to prove, should try this...